Saturday, September 16, 2006

Arjuna killed ~quarter million warriors in ~13 hrs? I can't believe this!

Yesterday while driving home, I was thinking about the (unnecessary) Iraq war and deaths (both allied and Iraqi forces) of unfortunate people. I felt like checking on how deaths in Kurukshetra (Mahabharata) compare to those in the modern wars. Thanks to Google, right or wrong, I gathered a set of numbers to work with, in 2 minutes!
This war was perhaps the bloodiest war in history as most of the warriors and soldiers perished during the brief period of only eighteen days. Arjuna, in a fit of extreme anger over the death of his son Abhimanyu, alone killed one akshauhini of Kaurava soldiers in a single day. The war left an extremely large number of widows and orphans and led to an economic depression and beginning of Kali Yuga.
A division (akshauhini) includes 21,870 chariots and chariot-riders, 21,870 elephants and riders, 65,610 horses and riders, and 109,350 foot-soldiers (in a ratio of 1:1:3:5). The combined number of warriors and soldiers in both armies was approximately four million.
I thought Kali Yuga applies to the whole earth rather than to just one country. Though the death toll was large, I wonder if it was a significant percentage of the world population then, qualifying this war as the trigger for Kali Yuga. Anyway, killing one Akshauhini in a day amounts to Arjuna killing enemies at the rate of 5 enemies/second for ~13 hours straight!! See the small table I put together (below):

I see three possible explanations (or any combination of these) for this phenomenal occurrence:

(1) Arjuna was ultra fast with bow and arrows,

(2) Arjuna used weapons of mass destruction (WMD) like Agneyastra, and

(3) Arjuna was able to manipulate the energy (i.e., killing without using any material objects) to his advantage for causing the destruction he desired.

Let us examine each of these three possibilities:

(1) It is just not possible for a human being to kill ~250,000 people in a day, using conventional weaponry; period!

(2) If Arjuna used weapons like Agneyastra, the scriptures probably were metaphorically referring to WMDs like nuclear weapons. If he used such weapons, there should at least be some remnants as evidence. If Abhimanyu's fort survived the time until now, the material used for manufacturing these weapons (like carbon steel, titanium, etc.) should survive time too; I didn't hear of any of these findings in archeological excavations so far.

(3) If Arjuna was capable of manipulated the energy so well, why would he need a chariot? Why would someone put an innocent animal at risk when they can just do everything remotely or while floating in the air?

Also, imagine mobilizing 4 million people into a small city over 18-day period. Will they have enough space to move around, leave alone space for chariots and elephants? Kurukshetra is not such a big place. But 4 million is a number close to 70% of the population of Hyderabad, India. Even though Hyderabad is a much larger city than Kurukshetra, we can see how dense it is (population wise) with ~ 6 million population. Imagine cramming 70% of these people into a battle field much smaller in size.

When a war of this magnitude had occurred, we should be able to find artifacts of the weapons used. I had the pleasure of working with Mike when I was in consulting. He used maintain a fairly large archeology lab in my previous office, with thousands of carefully catalogued artifacts (I realized how painful it is to write #s on ~ one-inch long objects). Mike used to show me some really interesting BCE arrowheads that he found during archeological digs in Indian Burial Grounds. If we were able to find projectiles from a scarcely populated cultures in North America, I am curious as to why I haven't heard of findings of arrowheads from Mahabharata war. If a pralaya had occurred and destroyed this evidence, then Abhimanyu's fort should have been totally destroyed too.

I see a possible explanation for all this. Whoever wrote some of these scriptures, could have done so under the influence of some hallucinogens like physchedelic mushrooms:-). It is quite possible for people to consume these things on a regular basis, when it was not a taboo. Remember, not too long ago, people were allowed to smoke in airplanes. Once the author gets high, coupled with energy-consuming activities like chanting and dancing, it is not impossible to have visions of grandiose things!
Soma (Sanskrit), or Haoma (Avestan), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sauma-, was a ritual drink of importance among the early Indo-Iranians, and the later Vedic and greater Persian cultures. It is frequently mentioned in the Rigveda, which contains many hymns praising its energizing or intoxicating qualities.

It is described as prepared by pressing juice from the stalks of a certain mountain plant, which has been variously hypothesized to be a psychedelic mushroom, cannabis, peganum harmala, or ephedra. In both Vedic and Zoroastrian tradition, the drink is identified with the plant, and also personified as a divinity, the three forming a religious or mythological unity.
When it comes to religion, ardent followers of all major religions are alike, be it Christianity, Islam, or Hinduism. We vehemently oppose reasoning when it does not support our belief. However, when reasoning slightly supports our theories, we wouldn't hesitate to claim things like "Germans have designed their WW II battle tanks based on writings in Atharvana Veda" etc. For most of us, if it is written on a palm leaf, it has to be true! All the theories we are proposing these days don't turn out to be valid. Some get disproved fairly quickly. Why should we assume that everything said ~ 4000 BCE should be written in stone? If we believe in things without asking questions, we should allow the others to do the same without commenting. I think we (Janata) need to use logic consistently across the board!

Sure, everything available on the web can be utterly wrong. Let's just realize that the same doubt should be applied to our ancient scriptures too.

Bottom line - Don't think, just pray. I realize that we can't explain everything with our limited knowledge and unlimited prejudices! Read religious texts in conjunction with constant prayer and meditation, and use learning to the extent that it make sense. Because, through prayer, we may understand things that never used to makes sense to us before. If we don't read, there would be no question of making sense of things that we don't know.

Therefore, I think prayer and shedding ego (Dr. Wayne Dyer defines ego as Edging God Out) should be supplemented with reading of the religious texts. Try to take the good things out of them, put them to use, and discard the bad things like animal sacrifices . With meditation, I think we can learn to discriminate good from bad, as the demarcation is not always clear. I mean, sometimes, unfortunately, we have to do bad things in the short-term (e.g., if there are things like justified wars) for a greater good in the long-term (e.g., establishment of Rama Rajya)

5 comments:

Phani said...

Is Hinduism a religion?

Gopa said...

I believe so.

ShastriX said...

Interesting analysis, Gopa. Read it with much enthu, but the ending was a bit of an anti-climax :-( So you conclude that the writer was high and hype was the result?

Btw, Swami says that "animal sacrifice" actually refers to the removal of animal tendencies within humans!

Referring to Phani's q'n on Hinduism, my understanding is that Hinduism—the Sanatana Dharma (FAQ)—is a mighty river that encompasses all other religions. For instance, the Allah in Islam is similar to the Brahmn of our Advaita.

Anyway, come 2012, all religions will coalesce into this great river, the river of Life.

Gopa said...

Raama, Thanks for your comments. Yes, it is anticlimactic. I didn't bother express my opinion fully on the reason for apparent discrepancy (i.e., # of warriors killed). I think that WUI (Writing Under Influence) cannot be ruled out (as a slight possibility) as the cause for animated narrations.

I don’t know for sure if these are exaggerations to begin with, and if so, what the motives behind these exaggerations are.

I think that most of the episodes in Mahabharata, Ramayana, etc. were just made-up by the priest class (i.e., Brahmins). My understanding is, Brahmins were pretty powerful up until the British Rule. Like everyone in power, they probably felt compelled to hold on to that power. It helps to have a big following to maintain power. One way to grab attention is to tell interesting stories (and portray them as facts) in the King’s and ruler’s court houses. I guess their strategy was (1) grab the attention of Janata and rulers (2) make Janata believe that the priests can talk to the Gods, and Gods listen to priests (3) make Janata believe that they need to do certain things to keep God’s happy, and that the priests can act as Liaisons.

Once 1, 2, and 3 are done, the priests have successfully created a need. Now, all they need to do is, develop a product line to cater to these needs. They probably started with hard-bound editions (such as yagnas and coronations) for upscale people (rulers and merchants). Probably over time, they released new products such as griha santis, vratas, etc.

This reminds me of Infosys Narayana Murthy’s words about we, Indians: “No other society gloats so much about the past as we do, with as little current accomplishment. Friends, this is not a new phenomenon, but at least a thousand years old. For instance, Al Barouni, the famous Arabic logician and traveller of the 10th century, who spent about 30 years in India from 997 AD to around 1027 AD, referred to this trait of Indians.
According to him, during his visit, most Indian pundits considered it below their dignity even to hold arguments with him. In fact, on a few occasions when a pundit was willing to listen to him, and found his arguments to be very sound, he invariably asked Barouni: which Indian pundit taught these smart things!”

Thanks for your reference to Sanatana Dharma. I believe that Hinduism is religion because, (1) Hindus worships a specific set of Gods who are: incarnations of each other, friends with each other, came across each other in one episode or the other, etc. Also, your Sanatana Dharma link and Webster’s dictionary call Hinduism a “religion”.

I really like “Swami’s” clarification on “animal sacrifice. Thanks.

Re: 2012, we just have to wait and see!

Anonymous said...

Could he not have been a general whose command was repsonsible for those deaths...